The Verbalization of the Axiological Features of the Teacher’s Image in Didactic Texts of the End of the 19th and Early 20th Century

About the author:

Abstract:

The axiological features of the teacher’s image are determined by the fact that a teacher is traditionally considered a dominant value element in the education system. The study of the verbalization of the teacher image in journalistic and popular scientific texts in the late 19^th — early 20^th century promotes better understanding of the role and place of a teacher, the attitude of others to a teacher, and the axiological features of the teachers who played a role in the enlightenment of Russia. In addition, it is of interest to see the evolution of the standard ideas about teachers and the value-based attitude to a teacher during different historical periods.

This research paper aims at finding characteristic lexemes of the axiological aspect of the teacher image and determining the semantic features of the axiological aspect of the teacher image.

In order to distinguish the axiological features of the predicative and attributive characteristics of the subject, lexical means of characterization, including metaphorical means have to be found first. The next stage is to find the standard characteristics based on the evaluative and metaphorical characteristics verbalized by different means. The standard characteristics and the phrases with clear evaluative meaning together form the value-based attitude to the teacher in the didactic texts of the end of the 19^th and the beginning of the 20^th century.

From the point of view of the authors of the popular scientific and journalistic texts about the state of affairs in education, a teacher plays an important social role and, as a result, has a higher status. The most important teacher merits associated with the traditional values include competence in the broad sense of the word, wisdom, conscientiousness, friendliness, love for children, and the knowledge of their psychology, patience paired with strictness, true grit, determination, and fairness. The axiological features of standard characteristics consist in the ability to create a model or a reference point for organizing pedagogical activity in accordance with the societal expectations.

References:

1. Azarenko S. A. 2004. “Obrazovanie” [Education]. In: Kemerov V. E. (ed.). Sovremennyi Filosofskii Slovar [Modern Dictionary of Philosophy], pp. 468–471. Moscow: Akademicheskii Prospect.
2. Bakhtin M. M. 1979. “Estetika slovestnogo tvorchestva” [The Aesthetics of the Written Word], pp. 424. Moscow: Iskusstvo.
3. Boguslavskiy V. M. 1972. “Semantiko-stilisticheskaya gruppa slov, sootnosimyh s odnim ponyatiem” [Semantic and Stylistic Group of Words Associated with One Concept]. In: Sinonimy russkogo yazika i ih osobennosti [The Synonyms of Russian and Their Characteristic Features], pp. 154-182. Leningrad: Nauka.
4. Vestnik vospitaniya [The Education Herald]. 1895. No 5-8, pp. 800.
5. Vestnik vospitaniya [The Education Herald]. 1913. No 2, pp. 366.
6. Demkov M. I. 1893. “O khode uroka i obucheniya” [On the Course of the Lesson and Instruction]. Pedagogicheskiy sbornik, no 3 (July — December), pp. 141-156.
7. Kondratieva O. N. 2003. “Zemledelcheskaya metafora v kontseptualizatsii vnutrennego mira cheloveka Drevnei Rusi” ” [Agricultural Metaphor in the Conceptualization of the Inner World of the Person of the Ancient Rus]. In: Mentalitet i mentalnost”. Seriya “Etnogermenevtika i etnoritorika [Mentality and psyche. “Ethno hermeneutics and ethno rhetoric” Series]. Vol. 9, pp. 118-121. Landau: Vergal Empirische Pädagogik; Kemerovo: Graphika.
8. Lebedev P. A. 1990. Antologiya pedagogicheskoi mysli Rossii vtoroi poloviny XIX — nachala XX veka [The Anthology of Pedagogical Ideas in the Second Half of the 19th Century — Late 20th Century Russia]. Compiled by P. A. Lebedev. Moscow: Pedagogika.
9. Lubentz T. 1913. “Pedagogicheskie besedy” [Pedagogical Talks]. Saint Petersburg: Izdanie Knizhnogo magazina P. V. Lukovnikova.
10. Miropilskiy S. I. 1890. Uchitel’ narodnoi shkoly, ego prizvanie i kachestva, znachenie, tseli i usloviya ego deyatelnosti v vospitanii i obuchenii detei [The Teacher of the Public School, His/Her Mission and Qualities, the Meaning, Purpose, and Conditions of His/Her Activity in Educating and Bringing up Children]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya I. N. Skorohodova.
11. Nikitin M. V. 1996. Kurs lingvisticheskoi semantiki [The Course in Linguistic Semantics]. Saint Petersburg: Nauchnyi tsentr problem dialoga.
12. Novokshonova N. L. 2003. “Metafory sveta i ognya v interpretatsii zhizni” [The Metaphors of Light and Flame in the Interpretation of Life]. In: Rezanova Z. I. (ed.). Miromodelirovaniye v yazike i tekste [World Modelling in Language and Text], pp. 59-68. Tomsk: Izdatelstvo Tomskogo universiteta.
13. Obrazovanie [Education]. 1895. Vol. 1, no 1-6.
14. Ostrogorskiy V. P. 1914. “Iz istorii moego uchitelstva: kak ya stal uchitelem” [From the History of My Teaching: How I Became a Teacher]. Saint Petersburg: Izdanie N. V. Elmanova.
15. Platonova O. V. 1998. “Pragmatika i ritorika diskursa v periodicheskoi pechati” [Discourse Pragmatics and Rhetoric in Periodicals]. In: Graudina L. K., Shiryaeva E. N. (eds.). Kultura russkoi rechi [The Style of Russian Speech], pp. 253-264. Moscow: Norma-Infa-М.
16. Pribylski Y. P. 2001. Shkola Tobolskoi gubernii v XVIII- nachale XX vv. Khrestomatiya [The School of the Tobolsk Province in the 18th — Early 20th Century: Reader]. Vol. 1. Tyumen: Vektor Buk.
17. Radonezhskiy F. 1901. Osnovy russkoi shkoly i sovremennaya gimnaziya [The Foundations of the Russian School and the Modern Grammar School]. Saint Petersburg: Senatskaya tipographiya.
18. Russkaya shkola [Russian School]. 1894. No 5-6, p. 376.
19. Russkaya shkola [Russian School]. 1894. No 2, p. 272.
20. Savenkov Iv. 1900. Uchitel narodnoi shkoly i ego obyazannosti. Didakticheskiy sbornik [The Public School Teacher and His/Her Responsibilities. Didactic Collection]. Warsaw: Tipografia varshavskogo uchebnogo okruga.
21. Beloborodov V., Mandriki Yu. (comps.). 2003. Sibirskiy listok: 1908-1911 [Siberian List: 1908-1911]. Gazety Sibiri [Siberian Newspapers] series. Tyumen: Mandr i Co. 
22. Slastenin V. A., Isaev I. F., Shiyanov E. N. 2003. Obshaya pedagogika; uchebnoe posobie dlya studentov vyssh. uch. zav [General Pedagogy: University Student Book] in 2 vols. Edited by V. A. Slastenin. Vol. 1. Moscow: Gumanitarnuy izdatelski tsentr VLADOS.
23. Sokolov P. 1913. Istoria pedagogicheskikh sistem [The History of Pedagogical Systems]. Saint Petersburg: Izdanie O. V. Bogdanovoi.
24. Telia V. N. 1996. Russkaya Frazeologia:semanticheskii, pragmaticheskii, kulturni aspekty [Russian Phraseology: Semantic, Pragmatic, and Cultural Aspects]. Moscow: Shkola “Yaziki russkoi kultury”.
25. Tobolskie eparkhialnie vedomosti [Tobolsk Diocesan Gazette]. 1907. No 10, 14, 15, 17, 22.
26. Chernetskyi K. E.1900. “Uchitel — dusha shkoly” [The Teacher Is the Soul of the School]. Kiev. (Reprint from the journal “Tserkovno-prihodskaya shkola” [Parochial School]).