Release:
2021, Vol. 7. № 1 (25)About the author:
Odon B. Dashinamzhilov, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Researcher of the Agrarian and Demographic History Sector, Institute of History SB RAS (Novosibirsk); Odon@bk.ru; ORCID: 0000-0002-0938-2290Abstract:
The study of fertility and mortality in the regions where Soviet territorial-production complexes were formed is of great interest. Such studies make it possible to answer the question in which direction the demographic dynamics changed in the conditions of profound economic and social changes that were taking place in them at that time. Demographic processes in the Tyumen region during the formation of the West Siberian oil and gas complex interested many researchers. However, in their works, the main attention was paid to migration movements, the formation of labor collectives. Much less attention has been paid to the analysis of natural movement. In addition, it was produced using general indicators that have a high error. In this regard, it is still not clear how much the birth rate and mortality rate of city dwellers actually changed. The aim of the article is to study the dynamics of the total fertility rate and life expectancy in the 1960s. in urban settlements of the Tyumen region. For solving it, there were used the method of conditional generation, historical-comparative and historical-genetic methods.
The study revealed that initially in 1958-1959 fertility and mortality of the urban population were approximately at the level of Western Siberia. After the beginning of the Western Siberian Oil And Gas Complex formation in the social-class structure, there was a slight increase in the share of workers, in the system of urban settlement the role of the regional center decreased. As a result, the birth rate among the townspeople of the Tyumen region in 1969-1970 became the highest among the West Siberian regions. The harsh climate, low rates of construction of housing and social infrastructure facilities, poorly organized medical services, the development of industries characterized by high injuries, an increase in alcohol consumption have led to the fact that life expectancy in the region has become the lowest among the Western Siberian regions. All of these changes in reproduction occurred taking into account the fact that the share of the northern regions in 1970 still did not exceed one third of the urban population of the region.
Keywords:
References:
Alekseev V. V., Logunov E. V., Shabanov P. P. 1987. Experience in solving personnel problems in the oil and gas construction of Siberia (based on the materials of Glavsibtruboprovodstroy). Sverdlovsk: Izdatel’stvo Ural’skogo universiteta. 174 pp. [In Russian]
Bedny`j M. S. 1979. Medical and demographic study of the population. Moscow: Statistika. 223 pp. [In Russian]
Borisov V. A. 1976. Prospects for fertility. Moscow: Statistika. 248 pp. [In Russian]
Bukin S. S. 1984. The standard of living of a working family in Siberia (1946-1960). Novosibirsk: Nauka. 271 pp. [In Russian]
Velikopol`skij S. D. 2004. Megion Marathon. Tyumen: Mandrika. 384 pp. [In Russian]
The age composition of the population of the RSFSR (according to the All-Union Census of 1970). Moscow: CzSU RSFSR, 1972, 522 pp. State archive of the Tyumen region (GATumO). F. 1112. Op. 1. D. 1892. L. 23-23 ob. D. 2174. L. 13-13 ob. [In Russian]
Reproduction of the population of the USSR. Moscow: Finansy` i statistika. 1983. 303 pp. [In Russian]
Gavrilova N. Yu. 2002. Social development of oil and gas producing regions of Western Siberia. Tyumen: TyumGNGU. 283 pp. [In Russian]
State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). F.A.-374. Op. 39. D. 1357. L. 4-6; GATumO. F. 1112. Op. 4. D. 117. L. 44-45; D. 143. L. 45-46. [In Russian]
Dashinamzhilov O. B. 2018. The Urban population of Western Siberia in the 1960s and 1980s: A historical and demographic study. Novosibirsk: Nauka, SO RAN. 368 pp. [In Russian]
“The Long Road to Oil” (A journalistic narrative about the formation of the collective of OJSC “Surgutneftegaz”). Surgut: Severo-Sibirskoe regional’noe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo. 1997. 352 pp. [In Russian]
Results of the All-Union Population Census of 1970, vol. 2, part 1. Gender, age and marital status of the population of the USSR, the union and autonomous republics, territories and regions. Moscow: CzSU SSSR. 1971. GATumO. F. 1112. Op. 4. D. 117. L. 26-26 ob. D. 143. L. 25-25 ob. [In Russian]
Results of the All-Union Population Census of 1970, vol. V. Distribution of the population of the USSR, the union and autonomous republics, territories and regions by social groups, sources of livelihood and branches of the national economy: stat. sat. Moscow: Statistika. 1973, 303 pp. [In Russian]
Karpov V. P. 2005. The history of the creation and development of the West Siberian oil and gas complex (1948-1990). Tyumen: TyumGNGU. 315 pp. [In Russian]
Koleva G. Yu. 2010. West Siberian oil and gas producing region: economic and social development (1960-2000s). Tyumen: Izdatel’stvo «Vektor Buk». 258 pp. [In Russian]
Misevich K. N., Chudnova V. I. 1973. The population of the areas of modern industrial development of the north of Western Siberia. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 209 pp. [In Russian]
Nyagan: A city in the historical background of the Lower Ob region. Ekaterinburg: Volot. 1995. 154 pp. [In Russian]
Pashkov N. M. 1988. Activities of the party organizations of Western Siberia for the creation and development of the oil and gas complex, 1964-1980. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta. 240 pp. [In Russian]
Distribution of the total population and married people by sex and age according to the All-Union Population Census as of January 15, 1959 (ASSR, territories and regions of the districts of Western and Eastern Siberia and the Far East). Moscow: CzSU SSSR. 1960. GATumO. F. 1112. Op. 1. D. 1892. L. 39. D. 2174. L. 40. [In Russian]
Distribution of the population by sex, age, nationality, language, education, marital status and source of livelihood according to the All-Union Population Census of 1970 in the Tyumen region. Moscow: CzSU RSFSR. 1970. 21 pp. [In Russian]
Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE). F. 1562. Op. 336. D. 1568. L. 22. D. 1570. L. 25. D. 1571. L. 27, 39. D. 1572. L. 40, 79.
Sadvokasova E. A. 1969. Social and hygienic aspects of family size regulation. Moscow: Medicina. 191 pp. [In Russian]
Salmin V. D. 2000. The City at Dawn: About those who created Nizhnevartovsk and glorified it. Tyumen: Mandriki. 216 pp. [In Russian]
Sifman R. I. 1974. Dynamics of the birth rate in the USSR (based on the materials of sample surveys). Moscow: Statistika. 183 pp. [In Russian].
Economy and culture of autonomous regions and national districts: stat. sat. Moscow: CzSU RSFSR. 1970. 400pp. [In Russian]
