Formation of Mechanical Engineering for Timber Processing Complex of the Soviet Union during the Period of Modernization of the Late 1920s and early 1940s

About the author:

Ivan V. Zykin, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Associate Professor, Department of Socio-Economic Disciplines, Technological Institute (Branch) of the National Research Nuclear University «MIFI»; zivverh@mail.ru; ORCID: 0000-0002-9994-6036

Abstract:

The development of the forest industry of the Soviet Union during the modernization of the country in the late 1920s and early 1940s led to an increase in the industry’s needs for advanced technology. This task was solved by purchasing imported tools, equipment and machines, developing own research, educational institutions, enterprises, mastering of advanced technologies. The stress was made on domestic mechanical engineering, which was to produce competitive products for timber production, adapted to the conditions of the regions of the country.

These issues in historical science are not sufficiently developed, the study on the formation of mechanical engineering for the forest industry of the Soviet Union during the period of modernization was undertaken for the first time. The pace of equipping the forest industry with new equipment and the role of domestic mechanical engineering, specialized enterprises, research and training institutions in this is considered. Conclusions were drawn about the substantial development of mechanical engineering in the country for the forest industry from the late 1920s to the early 1940s. New tools, equipment and machines, including samples that exceed foreign analogues, were developed and introduced into production. However, the equipment only affected the most labour-intensive types of timber activities. The industry used general purpose machines, the production of specialized forest equipment was minimal.

References:

1. A. S. 1931. Eighteen months that created the Vickhimz Mill. predislovie Z. A. Almazova. Krasnovishersk: Izdatelstvo Upravleniya Stroitelstva VISHKHIMZ, 148 pp. [In Russian]

2. Alexandrov V. A. 2009. Mechanization of Felling Works in Russia. St. Petersburg: Pro. 256 pp. [In Russian]

3. Albrecht K. I. 1929. Rationalization and mechanization of logging. Moscow, Leningrad, State Agricultural Publishing House New Village. 326 pp. [In Russian]

4. Andriainen A. I. 1959. “Growth of labor initiative and activity of Karelia workers at the beginning of the third five-year plan. Issues of Karelia history”. Works of the Karelian branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, i. 22. Petrozavodsk, State Karelian ASSR, pp. 3-17. [In Russian]

5. Antufyev A. A. 1992. The Ural industry on the eve of and in days of the Great Patriotic War. Yekaterinburg, OURO RAHN. 337 pp. [In Russian]

6. Bedlinsky S. V., Perepechin B. M. 1979. “First forest five-year plan”. Forest industry, no. 5, pp. 4-5. [In Russian]

7. Greater Soviet Encyclopedia. 1951. “Paper industry”. Moscow, State scientific publishing house Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 2^nd edition, vol. 6, pp. 281-284. [In Russian]

8. Vinogorov G. K. 1961. “Are aggregate machines needed?”. Forestry industry, no. 1, pp. 13-17. [In Russian]

9. Voronin D. I. 1938. Stakhanov methods of work of Tavdinets. Moscow, Goslestekhizdat. [In Russian]

10. Without author. 1941. “Exhibition on the 18th MAC Conference (b)”. Forestry industry, no. 3, pp. 39. [In Russian]

11. Gatskiewicz V. A. 1977. “Where mechanization began”. Forestry industry, no 10, pp. 10-11. [In Russian]

12. Glebov I. T. 2016. Essays on the history of Wood Cutting. Yekaterinburg, UGLTU. 90 pp. [In Russian]

13. Gluzman V. L., Maslyukov M. F. 2001. Logging enterprises of the Middle Ural. Yekaterinburg: Socrates. 384 pp. [In Russian]

14. Gotchiev P. 1939. Story about My Work. Petrozavodsk, Karelian State Publishing House. 39 pp. [In Russian]

15. Grigoryan A. A. 1941. “Charcoal car ZIS-31”. Forestry industry, no 1, pp. 18-20. [In Russian]

16. Eliseykin M. M. 2018. “Motor saws МP-220 - МP-180 of production of the factory named after Dzerzhinsky. Origin, development, use in the forest industry of the USSR”. City of Perm in Industrial Development of Russia: Historical Experience and Modern Potential: Materials of scientific and practical conference. Perm, Publishing House of Perm National Research Polytechnic University, pp. 214-227. [In Russian]

17. Zakharova E., Fasonov P. 2019. Birth of a giant. 1934-1940. Novodvinsk, Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill; Arkhangelsk, Pencil. 207 pp. [In Russian]

18. Zykin I. V. 2015. “Green Gold” Industrialization. Forest Industry Complex of Ural region at the end of 1929 — the First Half of 1941. Nizhny Tagil. 140 pp. [In Russian]

19. Zykin I. V. 2019. “Problems of mechanization of forest resources removal in the forest industry complex of the Soviet Union in the 1930s”. Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities research. Humanitates, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 188-202. [In Russian]

20. Without author. 2018. Industrialization of Komi Autonomous Region: Historical and Source Analysis and publication of Archival Manuscript. Syktyvkar, IALI Komi NC Uro RAS. 271 pp. [In Russian]

21. Without author. 1970. History of industrialization of the USSR. 1929-1932: Documents and materials. Moscow, Publishing house “Science”. Accessed 11 August 2017. [In Russian]

22. Without author. 2009. History of pulp and Paper Industry in Russia. Arkhangelsk, Bumprom, JSC “Publishing and Printing Enterprise Pravda of the North”. 232 pp. [In Russian]

23. Without author. 1933. Results of the implementation of the First Five-Year Plan of the National Economy of the Union of SSR. Moscow, Leningrad, State Publishing House Standardization and Rationalization. 276 pp. [In Russian]

24. Without author. 1956. Kamsky Mill — 20 Years Old. Krasnokamsk, All-Union NTO of paper and wood processing industry. 67 pp. [In Russian]

25. Without author. Kostroma Marine Engineering Plant. History. Accessed 22 January 2020. https://boat-ksmz.ru/o-kompanii/istoriya/. [In Russian]

26. Koftov G. E. 1941. “Implementation by the industry of Narodles of the USSR of the plan of the third five-year”. Forestry industry, no 2, pp. 6-12. [In Russian]

27. Kudryavtsev A. V. 1941. “Alloy organization determines success of navigation”. Forestry industry, no 2, pp. 21-23. [In Russian]

28. Kosheleva N. A. (editor originator). 2010. Bypassing the borders of the epochs, 1940-2010. Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill. [In Russian]

29. Mishustin D. D. 1938. Foreign Trade and Industrialization of the USSR. Moscow, Publishing House “International Book” [In Russian]

30. Without author. On Working Conditions in Forest Areas (Approved by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) on February 20, 1931). Annex no. 7 to paragraph 42/59, etc. no 27 PB. Accessed 22 May 2018. http://istmat.info/node/51570. [In Russian]

31. Oreshkin B. S. 1995. “Formation of forest industry”. Forest industry, no 4, pp. 30-31. [In Russian]

32. Oreshkin B. S. 1996. “Formation of forest industry”. Forest industry, no 1, pp. 25-27. [In Russian]

33. Pavlov E. A. 1941. “Schemes of loading mechanisms arrangement”. Forestry industry, no 1, pp. 15-18. [In Russian]

34. Paciora P. P. 1970. “Steps of Forest Energy”. Forest Industry, no 4, pp. 13-14. [In Russian]

35. Pervozvansky I. V. 1959. “Essays on the development of forestry and forest industry of Karelia”. Works of the Karelian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, issue XIX. Issues of sustainable forest management in Karelia. Petrozavodsk, pp. 5-75. [In Russian]

36. Petrov B. S. 1952. Essays on the development of the Forest Industry of Ural. Moscow, Leningrad, Goslesbumizdat. 146 pp. [In Russian]

37. Rakhmanov S. I. 1970. “Works of ULTI scientists on new technology and technology of logging Ural”. Forest Journal. News of higher education institutions, no 1, pp. 52-55. [In Russian]

38. Without author. 2014. With the century on an Equal Footing: From the top of the anniversary the Way Forward is More Visible. Novolilinsky Pulp and Paper Mill is 100 years old. Yekaterinburg, Aristocrat LLC. 204 pp. [In Russian]

39. Northern forest for All Time. 2011. Syktyvkar, Publishing Group of “Komi Republican Printing House”. 431 pp. [In Russian]

40. Seliber B. I. 1930. Forests and Forest Industry of the USSR. Vol. I. Forests of the USSR and their exploitation. Leningrad, Publication of Forestry and Forestry. 496 pp. [In Russian]

41. Makurov V. G., Filatova A. T. (originators). 2005. Soviet Forest Economy. Moscow North. 1917-1941: Collection of documents and materials. Petrozavodsk. 442 pp. [In Russian]

42. Solombala Engineering Plant. History. Accessed 22 January 2020. https://www.smz.ru/about/history/ [In Russian]

43. Socialist construction of the USSR: Static yearbook. 1934. Moscow, Soyuzorguchet. 496 pp. [In Russian]

44. Socialist construction of the USSR. 1936. Statistical year-book. Moscow. 698 pp. [In Russian]

45. Tiunov V. 1977. Industrial Five-Year Plans of the Western Ural. Perm: Perm Book Publishing House. 514 pp. [In Russian]

46. Shevyrin S. A. 2008. Forced Labour in Camps and Colonies in the Territory of Modern Perm Region, Late 1920s - Mid-1950s: dis. Cand. Sci. (Hist.). Perm. [In Russian]

47. Shegelman I. R. 2008. Forest Transformations (15^th-21^st centuries). Petrozavodsk, PetrSU. 240 pp. [In Russian]