The development of health care in Siberia in the 18th — first half of the 19th century

About the author:

Ekaterina V. Shulyak, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Associate Professor, Department of Sociao-Economic and Humanitarian Disciplines, Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy; eLibrary AuthorID, shuljak65@mail.ru

Abstract:

Development of health care of Siberia in the 18^th — first half of the 19^th century was closely connected with economic and political development of the Russian state. Before the medical personnel emergence in Siberia its population received medication only in the form of folk remedies. Development of its territory, insanitary conditions of life of Siberians, constant contingent of exiled to the indigenous people, and severe climate contributed to the spread of such diseases as smallpox, syphilis, and others.

The first medical institutions of Siberia were military hospital and infirmaries. In the days of reign of the Empress Anna Ioannovna, the city medical care started developing, and thanks to an initiative of the industrial enterprises owners — medical care for miners. After the establishment of the Public Charity Orders in Siberia, hospitals under their jurisdiction began to function in Tobolsk, Irkutsk, and Tomsk. A worthy contribution to the development of local medical institutions was made by donators Tolstopyatov, Bednyagin, Chupalov, and others. However, deficiency of financing, hospitals, and the medical personnel couldn’t adequately satisfy the needs of Siberian inhabitants in medical care.

The purpose of the article is to analyse the condition of public health, causes of morbidity and mortality of the population, as well as the process of medical care development in Siberia the turn of the 18^th century by means of a historical and genetic method.

References:

1. Andrievych V. K. (ed.). 1887. Historical Essay on Siberia, Based on Data Provided by the Full Collection of Laws and the Senate Archive. Vol. 4. Catherine time. Part 1. Saint Petersburg: Voyennaya tipografiya (v zdanii Glavnogo Shtaba). [In Russian]
2. Andrievych V. K. 1889. The History of Siberia. Part 2. The Period from Ancient Times to the Establishment of the Primacy of the City of Tobolsk and the Founding of the Irkutsk Fortress. St. Petersburg. [In Russian]
3. Beldova M. V. 2001. “Order of public care”. In: Statehood of Russia. Reference Dictionary, book 3. Moscow: Nauka. [In Russian]
4. Belyavskiy F. M. 2005. Journey to the Arctic Sea. Tyumen: Mandr i Ka. [In Russian]
5. Vagin V. I. 1872. Historical Information on the Activities of Count M. M. Speransky in Siberia, vol. 1. Saint Petersburg. [In Russian]
6. Vagin V. I. 1872. Historical Information on the Activities of Count M. M. Speransky in Siberia, vol. 2. Saint Petersburg. [In Russian]
7. Okladnikov A. P. (ed.). 1968. The history of Siberia from Ancient Times to the Present Day in 5 vols., vol. 2. Leningrad: Nauka. [In Russian]
8. Levit M. M. 1974. Formation of Medicine in Russia. Moscow: Meditsina. [In Russian]
9. Mirskiy M. B. 2005. Medicine in Russia in the 10th-20th centuries. Moscow: ROSSPEN. [In Russian]
10. Palkin B. N. 1986. S. S. Andreyvsky (1760-1818). Moscow: Meditsina. [In Russian]
11. Peterson I. 1790. A brief description of the disease in Siberia, called chickenpox with indications of simple and home remedies for it. Collection from various available information about this disease of the Tobolsk governorship by the doctor, collegiate assessor, and regimental surgeon Ivan Peterson. Tobolsk: V tipografii u V. Kornilyeva. [In Russian]
12. Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire I. Vol. 4. No 2467, p. 776. No. 2477, p.791. [In Russian]
13. Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire I. Vol. 5. No 2856, p. 128. [In Russian]
14. Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire I. Vol. 6. No 3811, p. 412 [In Russian]
15. Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire I. Vol. 10. No 7245, p. 136-137. [In Russian]
16. Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire I. Vol. 18. No 13045, p. 418 (1768). [In Russian]
17. Russian State Historical Archive. F. 1264. Op. 1. D. 654. L. 1-8. [In Russian]
18. Russian State Historical Archive. F. 1341 Op. 36. D. 1293. L. 1-8. [In Russian]
19. Slovtsov P. A. 1995. Historical Review of Siberia. Novosibirsk: Ven-Mer. [In Russian]
20. Pechatano pri Senate. 1775. Institutions for the Management of Provinces of the All-Russian Empire. Moscow: Pechatano pri Senate [In Russian]
21. Shulyak E. V. 2013. “A. N. Radishchev’s Medical Activities in Siberia”. Yugra State University Bulletin, vol. 1 (28). [In Russian]
22. Yadrintsev N. M. 2000. Siberian Allogeneous People, their Life, and Current State, vol. 2. Tyumen: Izdatelstvo Yu. Mandriiki. [In Russian]
23. Yadrintsev N.M. 2003. Siberia as a Colony Geographically, Ethnographically, and Historically. Novosibirsk: Sibirskiy khronograf. [In Russian]