Ethnic Interactions on the Territory of Trans-Urals and the South of Western Siberia during the Construction of Russian Border Fortresses in the First Half of the 18th Century

About the authors:

Svetlana R. Muratova, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Associate Professor, Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Social Education, D. I. Mendeleev Tobolsk Pedagogical Institute (Branch of University of Tyumen); gaisulka@mail.ru

Zaytuna A. Tychinskykh, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Senior Researcher, Ethnoarcheological Research Group, Tobolsk complex scientific station of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; zaituna.09@mail.ru; ORCID: 0000-0002-5378-8909

Abstract:

The authors consider the history of ethnic relations in the border area on the basis of published and unpublished materials and believe that today, in the period of growth of contacts between Russia and the eastern region, it is very important to refer to the history of interaction with various nations and to take into account the experience of building inter-ethnic relations. The novelty of the issue lies in the consideration of inter-ethnic processes within the framework of the policy of the Russian state, carried out on the construction of military and defensive facilities and lines.

The aim pursued by the authors is to identify the directions and stages of development of interethnic relations of the Kazakhs, Bashkirs, and Kalmyks in the period of activation of the Russian state policy in the south-east direction in the first half of the 18^th century. As for the processes connected to the acceleration of the entry of these peoples into the field of interests of Russia, the authors associate them with the policy and aspirations of Peter I. Relying on the research of the Russian historians, they consider this policy extremely tough but at the same time the one that has achieved certain results in Russia. For a more complete image of all aspects of the interaction between nations on the border, the authors turned to the history of Bashkir rebellions of 1707-1711, 1736-1740, and 1755, the history of the Kazakh-Dzungar wars, the history of the Orenburg expedition. They reveal various twists and turns of Russian diplomacy.

The authors come to the conclusion that, with the connivance of Russian diplomacy, Bashkirs, Kazakhs, and Dzungars were plunged into internecine wars and began to seek protection of Russia. The Russian government resolved these problems by building fortified border lines that isolated these peoples from each other and allowed to integrate them less painfully into the Russian Empire.

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