Honoured water sources of the Tyumen region: typological and functional analysis

About the author:

Elena E. Ermakova,

Abstract:

The honoured water sources of the Tyumen region, located in the territory of Vikulovo, Golyshmanovo, Iset, Ishim, Tyumen and Yurginsky areas, are considered. A classification of water sources is presented. First, these are the sources, the foundation of which happened recently, and «from above» (a well in the village Kamenka of the Tyumen region). Secondly, these are the sources formed «from below», by the will of a person or group of people (the spring in Maryino gorge of the Isetsky area). Thirdly, and this is the most numerous group of water bodies, the water resources appeared and functioned because of the interaction of the Church and the people (the Krivankovsky well in the Yurginsky area). It is revealed that the way of foundation of a source influences the features of its worship, and those functions, which it performed in the past, or carries out in the present. The functions of sources are identified and analysed in diachronic and synchronic ways: mediating, treating, sacrificial, protecting, consolidating, communicative, informing, aesthetic, emotive, environmental-protecting. The conclusion is that the most fully all the functions are manifested in the honouring of the third group of sources. In general, all «sacred» sources demonstrate the different sides of national religiousness in the context of the history of the country and the region.

References:

1. Ivanova, A.A., Kaluckov, V.N., Fadeeva, L.V. Svjatye mesta v kul'turnom landshafte Pinezh'ja (materialy i kommentarii) [Sacred places in the cultural landscape of Pinega (materials and commentaries)]. M., 2009. 512 p. (in Russian)

2. Ermakova E.E. Healing with water: worshiped water resources of Tyumen region. Vestnik Tjumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta — Tyumen State University Herald. 2011. № 2. p. 27–32 (in Russian).

3. Life-giving Spring in Rafaylovo. Sibirskaja pravoslavnaja gazeta — Siberian Orthodox newspaper. 2011. № 11. November. P. 8 (in Russian).

4. Golubev, S.V. Sakral'naja geografija. Aspekty poznavatel'nogo i palomnicheskogo turizma (Sacral geography. Cognitive and pilgrimage tourism aspects). Available at: http://www.knt.org.ru/konf-Sakr-dokl-Golubev-1-mart-2009.htm (accessed 6 November 2012) (in Russian)

5. Vinogradov, V.V. Translation mechanisms of sacral information (in terms of the northwestern revered places of Russia). Mehanizm peredachi fol'klornoj tradicii — Transfer mechanism of folk traditions. St. Petersburg: Russian Institute for the History of Arts (RIHA), 2004. P. 232–248 (in Russian).

6. Fursova, E.F. Orthodoxy and mass forms of Siberian religious consciousness (XX—beginning of XXI century). Pravoslavnye tradicii v narodnoj kul'ture vostochnyh slavjan Sibiri i massovye formy religioznogo soznanija XIX–XX vv. — Orthodox traditions of the folk culture of the East Slavs in Siberia and mass forms of religious consciousness in XIX-XX centuries. Novosibirsk: Institut arheologii i jetnografii (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) publ., 2006. С. 4–32 (in Russian).

7. Kormina, Zh.V. Religiosity of the Russian province: the question of the functions of rural shrines. Sny Bogorodicy. Issledovanija po antropologii religii — Dreams of Blessed Virgin. Studies in anthropology of religion. St. Petersburg: Evropejskij universitet publ., 2006. С. 130–150 (in Russian).

8. Ljubimova, G.V. Revered places in the national-orthodox worldview of Siberian rural population. Pravoslavnye tradicii v narodnoj kul'ture vostochnyh slavjan Sibiri i massovye formy religioznogo soznanija XIX–XX vv. — Orthodox traditions of the folk culture of the East Slavs in Siberia and mass forms of religious consciousness in XIX-XX centuries. Novosibirsk: Institut arheologii i jetnografii (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) publ., 2006. С. 33–49 (in Russian)

9. Shhepanskaja, T.B. Crises net (tradition of spiritual development of space). Russkij Sever. K probleme lokal'nyh grupp — Russian North. The problem of local groups. St. Petersburg, 1995. С. 110–176 (in Russian).

10. Ustav (Konstitucija) Vsemirnoj organizacii zdravoohranenija (Charter (Constitution) of the World Health Organization). Available at: http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd47/RU/constitution-ru.pdf (accessed: 6 October 2010) (in Russian).

11. Panchenko, A.A. Issledovanija v oblasti narodnogo pravoslavija. Derevenskie svjatyni Severo-Zapada Rossii [Research in national orthodoxy. Village shrines of Northwest of Russia]. St. Petersburg: Aletejja, 1998. 306 p. (in Russian)

12. Minenko, N.A. Istorija kul'tury russkogo krest'janstva Sibiri v period feodalizma [The cultural history of Russian peasants of Siberia in the feudal period]. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskij gosudarstvennyj universitet publ., 1986. 92 p. (in Russian)

13. Minenko, N.A. Social functions of calendar customs and rituals in the Siberian village of the first half of XIX century. Tradicionnye obrjady i iskusstvo russkogo i korennyh narodov Sibiri — Traditional rituals and art of Russian and indigenous people of Siberia. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1987. P. 4–22 (in Russian).

14. Gubernator Tjumenskoj oblasti. Rasporjazhenie ot 31.03.2000 g. № 297-r «O pamjatnikah prirody v Tjumenskom rajone» (The governor of the Tyumen region. Order from 31.03.2000, № 297-r «On natural monuments in the Tyumen region»). Available at: http://law.admtyumen.ru/noframe/law?d&nd=966201505&nh=1 (accessed: 8 November 2012) (in Russian).

15. Postanovlenie Administracii Tjumenskoj oblasti ot 04.04.2005 № 61-pk (red. ot

18.07.2008) «O kompleksnom pamjatnike prirody regional'nogo znachenija “Mar'inoushhel'e”» (Decree of the Administration of the Tyumen region from 04.04.2005 № 61-pc (version of 18 July 2008) «On complex monument of regional nature» Marino Ushchelie»). Available at: http://tyumen.news-city.info/docs/sistemsv/dok_oegxhi.htm (accessed: 12 ФMarch 2010) (in Russian).