Выпуск:
2024. Том 10. № 1 (37)Об авторах:
Нелаева Галина Александровна, кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры новой истории и мировой политики, Институт истории и политических наук, Тюменский государственный университет; nelaeva@yahoo.comАннотация:
Уничтожение и разграбление культурного наследия давно является серьезной проблемой, стоящей перед международным сообществом. Несмотря на значительное количество различных многосторонних соглашений, резолюций и рекомендаций международных организаций, способы и методы борьбы с подобными преступлениями пока являются недостаточными. Отчасти это связано с тем, что торговля культурными ценностями представляет из себя прибыльный бизнес, и страны не торопятся вводить жесткий контроль за перемещением артефактов. Страны, из которых наследие вывозится и продается на «черном рынке», обращаются с запросом о возвращении похищенных ценностей. В настоящей статье рассматривается проблема возвращения, или реституции, культурного наследия в страны происхождения на примере ближневосточного региона. Цель исследования — проследить публичный дискурс о возвращении похищенных артефактов в такие страны, как Ирак, Сирия, Ливия и Йемен, из стран Западной Европы и США. Используя количественный и качественный контент-анализ при изучении документов, медийного дискурса и высказываний официальных лиц, мы рассматриваем, как проблема возвращения наследия, зачастую находящегося в европейских и американских музеях, представлена в публичном поле изучаемых стран. Делается вывод о том, что процесс «деколонизации» европейских музеев проходит медленно и сложно, т. к. в общественном сознании до сих пор сохраняется образ «другого» — слабого, зависимого, конфликтного, нестабильного Ближнего Востока, неспособного позаботиться о собственном наследии.Ключевые слова:
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