Socio-Economic Factors of Life of the Nomadic Population of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

About the authors:

Sergey M. Zuev, Junior Researcher, Department of Social and Economic Research, Arctic Research Center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District (Salekhard); ssalinders@mail.ru

Valery A. Kibenko, Research Assistant, Arctic Research Center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District; Research Assistant of the West-Siberian Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the RAS; v.a.kibenko@ya.ru

Ekaterina A. Sukhova, Research Assistant, Arctic Research Center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District; learn2@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The main challenges influencing on livelihood of the indigenous peoples of the North were identified during the pilot research. Studies of human activity of the reindeer herders of Panaevsk and Yarsalinsk tundra (Yamal area, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District) were carried out.

Modern civilization undoubtedly impacts on natives’ way of living and changes reindeer herders’ demands. Anthropogenic and zoogenic impact on ecosystem in tundra causes the reduction and deterioration of reindeer pastures. Over the past decades reindeer herders face serious challenges as extreme weather events that led to reindeers’ depletion and death, e. g. anthrax epizootic in 2016. Everything abovementioned, together with economic and social factors, has a great influence on human activity, well-being and life policy of the reindeer herders.

Identified issues require further studying and diversified attention to its solution.

References:

1. Artyukhov A. V., Khairullina N. G. 2011. “Sotsialno-demograficheskaya situatsiya v otsenkah korennyh narodov Severa” [Socio-Demographic Situation in the Assessments of the Indigenous Peoples of the North]. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedeniy. Sotsiologiya. Ekonomika. Politika, no 4, pp. 80–84. 
2. Vasilyev S. “Sotsialny aspekt olenevodstva” [Social Aspect of Reindeer Herding]. Krayniy Sever. Accessed on 13 April 2017. http://www.ks87.ru/20/28/4482.html
3. Golovnyov A. V., Lyozova S. V., Abramov I. V., Belorussova S. Yu., Babenkova N. A. 2014. Etnoekspertiza na Yamale: nenetskie kochev'ya i gazovye mestorozhdeniya [Ethnoexpertiza on the Yamal: Nenets Nomadies and Gas Fields], p. 232. Yekaterinburg: AMB. 
4. Zuev S. M., Kibenko V. A., Sukhova E. A. 2017. Otchet po itogam zimney ekspeditsii po Yamal'skomu rayonu Yamalo-Nenetskogo avtonomnogo okruga (Panaevskaya i Yamal'skaya tundry) GKU YaNAO “Nauchnyy tsentr izucheniya Arktiki” [Report on the results of the winter expedition to the Yamal region of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (Panaevskaya and Yamal tundras) of the YaNAO’s Scientific Center for Arctic Studies]. Salekhard. 
5. Kargapolova E. V. 2011 “Sotsialnoe samochuvstvie naseleniya: regionalnyy aspect” [Social Well-Being of the Population: A Regional Aspect]. Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research, no 8, pp. 80-86.
6. Mikhaylova M. V., Kharamzin T. G. 2015. “Sovremennoe sostoyanie traditsionnogo hozyaystva korennyh malochislennyh narodov Severa” [The Current State of the Traditional Economy of Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North]. Fundamentalnye issledovaniya, no 12-5, pp. 1032-1035.
7. Perevalova E .V. 2015. “Intervjyu s olenevodami Yamala o padezhe oleney i perspektivah nenetskogo olenevodstva” [Interview with Reindeer Herders of Yamal on the Case of Deer and Perspectives of the Nenets Reindeer Herding]. Uralskiy istoricheskiy vestnik, no 2 (47), pp. 39-49.
8. Pika A. I. 1996. “Neotraditsionalizm na Rossiyskom Severe: idti v budushchee, ne zabyvaya proshlogo” [Neotraditionalism in the Russian North: Into the Future, Not Forgetting the Past]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, pp. 47-55.
9. Press-sluzhba pravitel'stva YaNAO Likvidatsiya vspyshki sibirskoy yazvy v Yamal'skom rayone [Press Service of the Government of YaNAO Elimination of the Outbreak of Anthrax in the Yamal District]. Accessed on 2 May 2017. правительство.янао.рф/region/ecology/likvid_vpishki
10. Press-sluzhba pravitel'stva YaNAO Vosstanovleno vse — i chumy, i oleni [Press Service of the Government of YaNAO: Everything Is Restored — Both the Houses and the Deer]. Accessed on 2 May 2017. http://правительство.янао.рф/news/lenta/governor/detail/107115
11. Toshchenko Zh. T. 1998. “Sotsialnoe nastroenie — fenomen sovremennoy sotsiologicheskoy teorii i praktiki” [Social Mood — A Phenomenon of Modern Sociological Theory and Practice]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, no 1, pp. 34-45.
12. Chayanov A. V. 1993. Izbrannye proizvedeniya [Selected Works]. Moscow.
13. Shumov M. A., Dyushev A. N., Ivanov I. A. 2013. Razrabotka metodiki i raschet oleneyomkosti olenjih pastbishch na territorii Yamalo-Nenetskogo avtonomnogo okruga: otchet o NIR (informatsionny) [Development of Methods and Calculation of the Deer Capacity of Deer Pastures in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Research Report]. Lead by M. A. Shumov, supervised by A. N. Dyushev, executed by I. A. Ivanov. GK: no 17OK of 18 July 2013. Bratsk: Sibzemproekt.
14. Yuzhakov A. A. 2003. Izuchenie normy soderzhaniya pogolovjya oleney dlya chastnogo sektora (v Yamalo-Nenetskom avtonomnom okruge) [Studying the Norm of Keeping Deer Livestock for the Private Sector (In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)]. Salekhard.