Digital economy: stages of development and legislative regulation

About the authors:

Artem O. Uzhegov, Junior Researcher, Chelyabinsk Branch of the Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chelyabinsk, Russia; uzhegov.ao@uiec.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3244-2036

Olga K. Tikhonova, Junior Researcher, Chelyabinsk Branch of the Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chelyabinsk, Russia; tikhonova.ok@uiec.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-7451

Abstract:

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the digital economy, covering the key stages of its development since its inception in the mid-20t^h c. to the transition to the data economy and digital transformation in the mid-2020s. The authors systematize the legal and technological changes that influenced the transformation of the economy, as well as consider the features of the implementation of the latest digital technologies. The novelty of the study lies in the systematization of the development of the digital economy through five stages: 1) inception; 2) early digitalization; 3) mass digitalization; 4) smart economy and platform transformation; 5) data economy and digital transformation. Attention is paid to the legislative and regulatory acts that accompanied each of these stages both in the world and in Russia. The article presents legislative initiatives aimed at regulating, for example. the use of digital technologies, personal data, artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, digital financial assets. The study links legal aspects and technological achievements in the evolution of the digital economy, which allows for a deeper understanding of the process of transition from basic information technologies to the data economy that is shaping the future of the global economy.

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