Legal Regulation of Adaptation and Integration of Migrants: The Experience of Russia and Germany

About the authors:

Alena A. Mishunina, Dr. Sci. (Jur.), Professor, Department of Public Administration and Municipal Management, University of Tyumen; MishuninaAA@duma72.ru

Irina A. Mikhailenko, Master Student of the Institute of State and Law, University of Tyumen; iramikhailenko@gmail.com

Abstract:

This article considers the current state of the legal regulation of adaptation and integration of migrants in the Russian Federation and Germany. On the basis of promising foreign experience, directions for improving the legal regulation of adaptation and integration of migrants in the Russian Federation are proposed. The authors substantiate an integrated approach to the management of external migration of the population, the need for legal regulation of public relations related to the problems of their adaptation in the Russian Federation. The issues of social integration of labor migrants in modern Russia appear to be theoretically and practically significant. At the same time, it is important to pay attention to the foreign experience of integration processes in the sphere of labor migration, where the economic factor plays an extraordinarily important role in shaping the domestic and foreign policy of the state. The issues of differentiation of powers between different levels of public authority in the sphere of adaptation and integration are analyzed. Priority direction of the development of legislative regulation, the authors see the development of a basic act on the adaptation and integration of migrants at the level of the Russian Federation, or the introduction of the necessary changes in order to establish the main policy directions in the analyzed area of existing federal laws, which will allow the regional government, as well as local authority’s self-government to pursue a more effective policy. It also seems necessary to make a clearer delineation of the powers of public authorities in the field of adaptation and integration of migrants, based on the specifics of economic development, historical, demographic and other local conditions of each of the subjects of the federal state for the most effective attraction and use of external migration resources on their territory.

References:

1. Andrichenko L. V. 2018. “Migratsionnoe zakonodatel'stvo v sisteme rossiyskogo zakonodatel'stva” [Migration Legislation in the System of Russian Legislation]. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava, no 3, pp. 5-16.
2. Achkasov V. A. 2016. “Rost etnicheskogo mnogoobraziya i tolerantnost' v krupnykh gorodakh Rossii: ‘sluchay’ Sankt-Peterburga” [Growth of Ethnic Diversity and Tolerance in Large Cities of Russia: The “Case” of Saint Petersburg], pp. 141-157. Saint Petersburg: Skifiya.
3. Grizakovskaya D. V. 2016. “Mekhanizmy sotsiokul'turnoy integratsii migrantov: opyt Germanii” [Mechanisms of Socio-Cultural Integration of Migrants: The Experience of Germany]. Simvol nauki, no 7, pp. 102-103.
4. The RF Federal State Statistics Service. “Dannye Federalnoy sluzhby gosudarstvennoy statistiki. Razdel Naselenie” [Data of Federal State Statistics Service. Demography Section]. Accessed on 15 March 2018. http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/demo42.htm
5. German Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. “Dannye Federal'nogo vedomstva po voprosam migratsii i bezhentsev Federativnoy Respubliki Germaniya” [Data of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees of the Federal Republic of Germany]. Accessed on 15 March 2018. http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/DE/Publikationen/Broschueren/wanderungsmonitoring-2016.pdf?__b...
6. German Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. “Issledovanie effektivnosti migratsionnykh kursov” [Research of the Effectiveness of Migration Courses]. Accessed on 15 March 2018. http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/Downloads/Infothek/Forschung/Forschungsberichte/fb11-integr...
7. Mishunina A. A. 2017. “Prinimayushchee obshchestvo i migranty: pravovye praktiki ekonomicheskoy i sotsial'no-kul'turnoy adaptatsii v sovremennykh usloviyakh” [Host Society and Migrants: Legal Practices of Economic and Socio-Cultural Adaptation in Modern Conditions]. Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2017, no 9, pp. 13-16.
8. Morozova V. N., Zolotarev D. P. 2015. “Germanskiy opyt integratsii migrantov v prinimayushchee obshchestvo” [The German Experience of Integration of Migrants in the Host Society]. Nauchnyy vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. Ser. Sotsial'no-gumanitarnye nauki, no 2 (6), pp. 87-92.
9. RG Government Decree of 17 November 2008 no 1662-r (as of 8 August 2009) “O Konceptsii dolgosrochnogo socialnoehkonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2020 goda:” [The Conception of the Russian Federation Long-Term Socioeconomic Development for the Period until 2020]. Sobraniye zakonodatelstva RF, no 47, p. 5489.
10. RF Federal Law of 17 June 1996 no 74-FZ (as of 4 November 2014) “O natsional'no-kul'turnoy avtonomii:” [On the National-Cultural Autonomy]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, no 118.
11. RF Federal Law of 25 July 2002 no 115-FZ (as of 31 December 2017) “O pravovom polozhenii inostrannykh grazhdan v Rossiyskoy Federatsii” [On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, no 140.
12. RF President Decree of 19 December 2012 no 1666 “O Strategii gosudarstvennoy natsional'noy politiki Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2025 goda:” [The Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025]. Sobraniye zakonodatelstva RF, no 52, p. 7477.
13. RF Federal Law of 6 October 1999 no 184-FZ (as of 16 February 2018) “Ob obshchikh printsipakh organizatsii zakonodatel'nykh (predstavitel'nykh) i ispolnitel'nykh organov gosudarstvennoy vlasti sub"ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii:” [On the General Principles of the Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, no 206.
14. RF Federal Law of 6 October 2003 no 131-FZ (as of 19 December 2017) “Ob obshchikh printsipakh organizatsii mestnogo samoupravleniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii:” [On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, no 202.
15. Institute for Employment Studies of the Federal Employment Agency. “Ot Eritrei do Braytengyusbakha. Krupnym planom” [From Eritrea to Braytengyusbakh. Close-up]. Accessed on 15 March 2018. https://www.iab-forum.de/von-eritrea-nach-breitenguessbach-eine-nahaufnahme/
16. Levada-tsentr. “Otnoshenie k migrantam v Rossii ukhudshaetsya” [The Attitude towards Migrants in Russia Is Deteriorating]. Accessed on 15 March 2018. https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2017/04/28/687871-otnoshenie-migrantam-uhudshaetsya
17. Rykhtik M. I. 2012. “Politika mul'tikul'turizma i osobennosti zarubezhnogo opyta uregulirovaniya problem, svyazannykh s intensifikatsiey migratsionnykh potokov” [The Policy of Multiculturalism and the Peculiarities of Foreign Experience in Settling the Problems Associated with the Intensification of Migration Flows]. Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta, no 1, pp. 388-391.
18. Skorobogatova V. I. 2015. “K voprosu ob integratsii migrantov: kakaya model' podkhodit Rossii?” [On the Issue of the Integration of Migrants: Which Model Is Right for Russia?]. Migratsionnoe pravo, no 4, pp. 6-8.
19. Khekmann F. 2016. Mnogourovnevoe upravlenie v realizatsii politiki integratsii migrantov [Multi-Level Management in the Implementation of the Policy of Integration of Migrants.], pp. 109-119. Saint Petersburg: Skifiya.
20. Shuvalov I. I. 2014. Globalizatsiya i integratsionnye protsessy v Aziatsko-Tikhookeanskom regione (pravovoe i ekonomicheskoe issledovanie): Monografiya [Globalization and Integration Processes in the Asia-Pacific Region (Legal and Economic Study): Monograph].  Moscow: INFRA-M.