The Quality of Education as a Factor in the Formation of Migration Flows in the Russian Federation

About the author:

Yulia S. Aitova, Junior Researcher, Institute of Social and Economic Researches (Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences); yushaaitova@gmail.com

Abstract:

Human capital of a country had the primary role under the Russian economy modernization by shifting to knowledge-based economy. Human capital includes an indigenous capacity and migration flows. Every year in the Russian Federation, there is migration growth. However, in the context of the transition to an innovation economy, the quality of the composition of the migration flows requires special attention, especially the level and quality of the education of migrants as one of measures of human capital.

This article presents an analysis of the international immigration and emigration in Russia by the following indicators: the territorial aspect, causes of migration, age and gender of migrants, and level of education of migrants. The results of this analysis have determined that migration outflow of people from Russia with higher education in far abroad countries, particularly to Germany, USA, Israel, the United Kingdom, and Australia. In these countries, there are a better standard of living and the quality of education in composition with Russia. According to the rating of countries of the world by education level (Education Index 2016), Russia is ranked 34^th while countries identified earlier rank among the top 20.

The regressive and correlation analysis has identified the degree of influence of the quality of education in a country on migrants with tertiary education. The main conclusions from the analysis are that: the high proportion of Russian emigrants to the countries with high quality of education have higher education; among those who have arrived from the countries with high quality of education, the high proportion of migrant with higher education.

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