Key Legal Concepts in the Field of Archeology in the Russian Legislation and the Problems of Their Legal Certainty

About the author:

Anatoly N. Panfilov, Cand. Sci. (Jur.), Advisor to the Chairman of the Committee for the Protection and Use of Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Tyumen Region; panfilov-84@mail.ru

Abstract:

Taking into account the latest legislative changes, this article investigates the current state of legal protection of archaeological heritage objects in the Russian Federation. The author touches upon the problem of the semantic uncertainty of some of the legal norms of the Federal Law “On Objects of Cultural Heritage (Monuments of History and Culture) of the Peoples of the Russian Federation”. This is mainly about the norms-definitions that reveal the content of the basic concepts: “object of archaeological heritage”, “archaeological items”, “cultural layer”, etc. This work also pays attention to the problem of establishing the upper chronological boundary of archeology and proposes the improvement of legal definitions.

Based on the analysis of legal concepts in the field of archeology in national legislation, acts of the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation and doctrinal sources, the author comes to the conclusion that it is not necessary to study archaeological items at the turn of the 18^th and 19^th centuries and later periods. Collecting, studying, storing and displaying items of material culture of the peoples of Russia, which do not fit into the framework of archaeological science, should belong to the local lore, collectors, and museum workers. This article justifies the need to clarify a number of legal definitions, as well as the revision of the age feature of the archaeological heritage.

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