Release:
2017, Vol. 3. №2About the author:
Vladimir V. Melnik, Dr. Sci. (Philos.), Professor, Department of General and Economic Sociology, University of Tyumen; eLibrary AuthorID, ScopusID, v_v_melnik@mail.ruAbstract:
Competitiveness, as a social phenomenon, has started to appropriate the institutional level at the beginning of the industrial revolutions in Europe, North America, Japan, China, India, South-Eastern Asian countries and Maghreb. This process was determined by the consolidation of the industrial policies of developed countries, growth of trade union movements and the social responsibility of business, leading to an understanding of the organizations’ main asset — their human resources, the creation of new concepts of management, the formation of competition theories, and organizations and corporations coming to global markets and integrating competitive advantages in this battle of national cultures. The World Economic Forum Research reports show, these aspects take their part in lining up the annual countries ratings. However, the processes of globalization have necessitated studying the competitiveness of territorial locus of smaller countries of Europe and the Arab States, taking into account their cultural mentality, the level of education of their population and technological development. The researchers note some negative factors of competition, which are sometimes used as a factor of political struggle at the national level. Research of competitive advantage of organizations focuses on human resources flows and employees’ competences, developed by systems of continuous education and training. This is the most important factor of innovation activity of staff organizations, firms, and, hence, their main competitive advantage. Moreover, European Governments take on the role of the organizer of the tripartite negotiation processes to strengthen the social significance of competitiveness for the EU population.
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