Dynamics of Consumption of Basic Food Products by the Population of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area

About the authors:

Elena V. Agbalian, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher, Head of the Sector, Scientific Center for the Study of the Arctic (Nadym); agbelena@yandex.ru

Roman A. Kolesnikov, Cand. Sci. (Geogr.), Head of Sector for Geological and Geographical Studies Sector, Scientific Center of Arctic Research (Salekhard); roman387@mail.ru

Abstract:

Nutrition is the most important factor of the environment, which has a direct impact on the health of the population. The problem of food security relates primarily to providing the population with food products in accordance with the physiological needs of humans in food and energy and with food safety. A study was conducted to study the nutritional status of the population of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area to justify recommendations for optimizing nutrition. The analysis of the actual nutrition of the population in dynamics in 1999-2015 by the method of budgetary research is given. The budget method allows to calculate the number of basic food products in terms of their per capita measurement.

The level of consumption of meat and fish products by the population of the Autonomous Area in the dynamics of 1999-2015 increased by 52 and 41%, respectively. The content of meat and meat products in the rations of the rural population was higher than in the rations of citizens (118.6 kg/yr versus 102.1 kg/yr in 2015). The level of fish consumption by rural residents in the dynamics increased by 60% and amounted to 30 kg/yr in 2015. Consumption of fish and fish products by urban residents increased from 16.8 to 23.6 kg/yr (40.5%).

The diet of the population of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area lacks milk and dairy products, potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruit and berries. The population of the Autonomous Area is fully provided with meat and fish products, vegetable and other fats, bread products, eggs.

In the nutrition structure of the population of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area, a high fat content (40% of the calories of diets) and added sugar (12% of the caloric content of rations) were detected. The main risk factors for the development of nutritional deficiencies in the health of the population are high levels of consumption of simple carbohydrates, sugars, total fat and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Nutrition of the population leads to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, reduces the possibility of effective adaptation of the organism to extreme environmental conditions.

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