Preservation of Valuable, Rare and Endangered Species of Animals. 1. Problems and Methods

About the authors:

Alexander G. Selyukov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Department of Zoology and Evolution Ecology of Animals, University of Tyumen; ags-bios@yandex.ru

Mariya V. Kibalova, Master Student, Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Ecology of Animals, University of Tyumen; makib-ichty@mail.ru

Svetlana A. Selyukova, Senior Lecturer, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University (Tyumen); lucretias@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The intense human pressure on ecosystems leads to a reduction of biodiversity. Currently, for the conservation of species diversity and the duplication of samples of world collections the deep freezing of biological material — cryopreservation — is widely used.

The review provides the traditional methods of cryopreservation of cells, tissues and embryos of vertebrates. We consider the key moments in the history of cryobiology and cryopreservation. The information on the conditions of freezing and thawing and methods of cryopreservation of biological objects with the use of penetrating and non-penetrating cryoprotectants is presented. The article outlines ways of slow (hardware and software) and fast (vitrification) freezing of biological objects. The attention is focused on vitrification as the most acceptable method in the field condition.

The phenomenon of cryorenewal, which is based on stimulating, transforming and mutagenic (with heterosis effect) influence of cryopreservation process, is described.

Attention to the absence of guaranteed safety of high rates of cryopreserved biological material after it is defrosted is drawn. The paper contemplates a method of biomaterial’s preservation of using CAS-technology based on a weak electromagnetic field.

The work predicts the possibility of developing alternative conventional biotechnology innovation with ultra-weak pulsed magnetic fields for the preservation of biological objects without the use of cryoprotectants.

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