The Study of Reparative and Immune Potential of Bacillus Sp. Bacteria from Permafrost

About the authors:

Alexander S. Bazhin, Researcher, Department of Cryosphere Bioresources, Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; aleksandrbazhin@mail.ru

Vladimir P. Melnikov, Dr. Sci. (Geol-Mineral.), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; melnikov@ikz.ru

Ivan M. Besedin, Researcher, Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; teriolog@mail.ru

Lyudmila F. Kalenova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher, Department of Bioresources Сryosphere, Tyumen Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Leading Researcher, International Center of Cryology and Cryosophy, University of Tyumen; lkalenova@mail.ru

Abstract:

A high reparative potential of Bacillus sp. bacteria is set on the skin wound model. The bacteria have been isolated from permafrost and their metabolic products — metabolites. The most effective are the “thermal” metabolites produced by culturing the bacteria at 37°C. When applied locally to the wound, they optimize the regenerative process: reduce the time of wound contraction, retract a scar tissue, and renew a coat. The ointment with “thermal” metabolites accelerates the repair process by 30% relative to the ointment base, by 20% — relative to the Solkoseril pharmaceutical, and by 10% — relative to the bacteria themselves. The dynamics of the formative processes in the healing of skin defects under the influence of Bacillus sp. bacteria and their metabolites are correlated with the dynamics of the immune system activity. The sequence of changes in the activity of various parts of the immune system (nonspecific immunoresistance-cellular immunity — humoral immunity) corresponds to the phases of the reparation process (damage — inflammation — recovery). Based on these data, Bacillus sp. metabolites can be attributed to the modulators of the reparation process with predominant regeneration mechanisms.

References:

1. Abyzov S. S., Mitskevich I. I. 1993. “Mikroflora kontinentalnyh i morskih ldov Antarktiki (k probleme ispolzovaniya aysbergov kak resursov presnoy vody)” [The Microflora of Continental and Sea Ice of Antarctica (The Use of Icebergs as the Freshwater)]. Microbiology, vol. 62, no 6, pp. 994-1017.
2. Brancato S. K., Albina J. E. 2011. “Wound Macrophages as Key Regulators of Repair: Origin, Phenotype, and Function”. American Journal of Pathology, vol. 178, no 1, pp. 19-25. 
3. Brouchkov A. V., Melnikov V. P., Sukhovei Yu. G., et al. 2011. “Relict Microorganisms of Cryolithozone as Possible Objects of Gerontology”. Advances in Gerontology, vol. 1, no 1, pp. 39-44.
4. Gurtner G. C., Werner S., Barrandon Y., Longaker M. T. 2008. “Wound Repair and Regeneration”. Nature, vol. 453, no 7193, pp. 314-321. 
5. Kalyonova L. F., Bazhyn А. S., Novikova M. A. 2014. “Vliyanie metabolitov bakteriy Bacillus sp. iz vechnoy merzloty na skorost reparacii kozhnoy rany” [The Effect of Bacillus sp. Bacteria Metabolites from the Permafrost on the Rate of Skin Wound Repair]. Journal of  New  Medical  Technologies, vol. 21, no 4, pp. 53-61.
6. Kalyonova L. F., Bazhyn А. S., Novikova M. A. 2015. “Effects of Permafrost Microorganisms on skin Wound Reparation”. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol. 158, no 4, pp. 478-482.
7. Katayama Т., Tanaka M., Moriizumi J., et al. 2007. “Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacteria Preserved in a Permafrost Ice Wedge for 25.000 Years”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April, pp. 2360-2363.
8. Lucas T., Waisman A., Ranjan R., Roes J., Krieg T., Mtiller W., Roers A., Eming S. A. 2010. “Differential Roles of Macrophages in Diverse Phases of Skin Repair”. Journal of Immunology, vol. 184, no 7, pp. 3964-3977.
9. Mahdavian Delavary B., van der Veer W. M., van Egmond M., Niessen F. B., Beelen R. H. 2011. “Macrophages in Skin Injury and Repair”. Immunobiology, vol. 216, no 7, pp. 753-762.
10. Zavarzin T. A. 1984. Bakterii i sostav atmosfery [Bacteria and Composition of the Atmosphere]. Moscow: Nauka, p. 192.