Ciliate (Ciliata, Ciliophora) fauna of different stomach departments of sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838)

About the authors:

Sergey F. Likhatchev, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Department of General Ecology, Chelyabinsk State University; likhaschev@mail.ru

Tatyana A. Korchagina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of Fundamentals of Health and Safety and Biology Teaching Methods, Omsk State Pedagogical University; Liberova@yandex.ru

Ivan V. Seryodkin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Head of Laboratory, Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; seryodkinivan@inbox.ru

Daria A. Maksimova, Ph.D Student, Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; dmaksimova.tig@yandex.ru

Abstract:

Sika deer — Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 is an essential commercial species of mammals in Russia. Any new data about the biology of Cervus nippon in nature are valuable. It is well known that 14 ciliate species of Ophryoscolecidae Stein, 1859 = (Ciliophora, Ciliata) family from 4 genera are found in different stomach departments of herbivorous mammals. The authors have studied the stomach contents of three dead sika deer from the Primorye Territory (Terney District), Omsk Region (Omsk District) and Chelyabinsk Region (Verkhny Ufaley urban district). 
In the parietal layer of rumen, reticulum and omasum, there have been found 14 species of ciliates, belonging to 4 genera: Entodinium — 7 species, Epidinium — 2 species, Diplodinium — 3 species, and 2 species of Eudiplodinium. Entodinium ovinum, E. caudatum-dubardi, Diplodinium monacanthumi, D. rangiferi have been registered for the first time. All found types correspond to the descriptions in the literature. Occurrence and abundance of ciliate species are different in various cells of the stomach. This is typical for Ophryoscolecidae fauna of other herbivorous mammals.

References:

1. Chernaya L. V., Likhachyov S. F. 2011. Morfofiziologicheskie osobennosti infuzoriy iz zheludka ovec kak sistema adaptaciy k endobiontnomu obitaniyu [Morphological Specialties of the Ciliates from the Sheep Stomach as a System of Adaptations to the Endobiont Dwelling]. Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tyumen State University Herald], no. 6, pp. 65-69.
2. Danilkin A. A. 2002. Mlekopitayuschie Rossii i sopredelnyh territoriy. Oleni (Cervidae) [Mammals of Russia and Adjacent Territories. Deer (Cervidae)], 552 p. Moscow: GEOS.
3. Dehority B. A. 1996. A New Family of Entodiniomorph Protozoa from the Marsupial Forestomach, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Five New Species. J. of Eucaryotic Microbiol, pp. 285-295.
4. Dogel V. A. 1929. Prosteyshie — Protozoa. Maloresnichnye infuzorii — Infusoria Oligotricha. Sem. Ophryoscolecidae [Protozoa. Ciliates—Infusoria Oligotricha. Ophryoscolecidae]. Opredelitel po faune SSSR [Determinant on the USSR Fauna], 96 p. Leningrad: USSR AS.
5. Gassovsky G. N. 1925. Infuzorii pyatnistogo olenya (Cervus hortulorum) [Ciliates of Sika Deer (Cervus hortulorum)]. II Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Dalnevostochnogo universiteta [II Proceedings of the State of the Far Eastern University], no. 2(1), pp. 41-49.
6. Korchagina T. A., Likhachyov S. F. 2013. Infuzornaya fauna raznyh otdelov zheludka severnogo olenya (Rangifer tarandus L.) tundrovoy zony Chukotskogo Avtonomnogo okruga [Diatomaceous Fauna of Different Parts of the Stomach of the Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) from Tundra of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]. Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tyumen State University Herald], no. 6, pp. 64-70.
7. Korchagina T. A., Likhachyov S. F. 2015. Kolichestvennaya harakteristika soobschestv endobiontnyh infuzoriy zheludka losya (Alces alces L., 1758). [Quantitative Characterization of Endobiont Stomach Ciliates Communities of the Moose (Alces alces L., 1758)]. Aktualnye problemy biologii i metodiki ee prepodavaniya v shkole i v VUZe [Actual Problems of Biology and Teaching Methods at School and University], pp. 19-23. Omsk: OSPU.
8. Kornilova O. A. 2004. Istoriya izucheniya endobiontnyh infuzoriy mlekopitayuschih [History of the Study of Endobiont Mammal Ciliates], 352 p. St. Petersburg: Tessa.
9. Likhachyov S. F., Ivankova A. V. 2010. Endobiontnye infuzorii pischevaritelnogo trakta byka domashnego (Bos taurus) [Endobiont Ciliates of the Digestive Tract of Domestic Bovine (Bos taurus)]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Herald of Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University], no. 11, pp. 289-296.
10. Likhachyov S. F., Baimakova L. G., Koplik A. A. 2010. Morfologicheskie i fiziologicheskie osobennosti endobiontnyh infuzoriy pischevaritelnogo trakta kosuli sibirskoy [Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Endobiont Ciliates in the Digestive Tract of Siberian Roe]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Herald of Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University], no. 10, pp. 325-332.
11. Likhachyov S. F. 1997. Kompleksnyy podhod k izucheniyu faun protistov na primere evglenovyh [Integrated Approach to the Study of the Protis Fauna (the Case Study of Euglenophyta)]. Metodologiya i metodika estestvennyh nauk [Methodology and Methods of Natural Sciences], pp. 102-110. Omsk: OSPU.
12.  Likhachyov S. F. 1997. Metodika ekologo-faunisticheskih issledovaniy protistov na primere evglenovyh [Methodology of Ecological and Faunal Studies of the Protist (the Case Study of Euglenophyta)], pp. 11-127. Omsk: OIPDEW, OSPU.
13. Likhachyov S. F. 2004. Polevye issledovaniya bespozvonochnyh [Field Studies of the Invertebrates], 156 p. St. Petersburg: Tessa.
14. Lubinsky G. 1957. Studies on the Evolution of the Ophryoseolecidae: Some Evolutionary Trends in Entodinium Genus. Canad. J. Zool., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 111-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z57-007
15. Lubinsky G. 1957. Studies on the Evolution of the Ophryoscolecidae. On the Origin of the Higher Ophryoscolecidae. Canad. J. Zool., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 135-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z57-008
16. Maksyuta L. A., Likhachyov S. F. 2006. Endobiontnaya fauna infuzoriy loshadey lesnoy i lesostepnoy zon Omskoy oblasti [Endobiont Fauna of the Horses of Forest and Steppe Zones of Omsk Region]. Polevye i eksperimentalnye biologicheskie issledovaniya [Field and Experimental Biological Research], pp. 48-64. St. Petersburg: Tessa.
17. Nikolyuk V. F. 1963. Metod bystrogo podscheta kolichestva mikroorganizmov v zhidkoy srede [The Method of Rapid Calculation of Microorganisms in a Liquid Medium]. Uzbekskiy gidrobiologicheskiy zhurnal [Uzbekistan Hydrobiological Journal], no. 5, pp. 32-81.