Importance of mountain ash in hoofed mammals feeding

About the author:

Anatoly D. Chesnokov, Senior Researcher, All-Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming named after Professor B.M. Zhitkov; vniioz@mail.ru, sable@sinizin.kirov.ru

Abstract:

Mountain ash is of the greatest importance in the diet of moose in winter. During winter, the animals eat about 3,0 tons of arboreal and branch feed. In a summer-autumn period, moose eats no less than 30-40 kg of shoots and leaves per twenty-four hours.Mountain ash’s shoots and leaves are the main feed for roe deer in autumn. In certain years, the intensity of mountain ash damage reaches 100% (an average index is 43,7%, a minimum one — 12,5%). Siberian red deer eats as high as 77,6% of mountain ash’s shoots from the available vegetation. The volume of mountain ash in the diet of sika deer does not exceed 4,3% in a snowless period and in winter — 5,7%.

References:

1.             Averin V. Ekologiya kosuli (Capreolus pygargus Pall.) v Ilmenskom zapovednike [Ecology of Roe Deer (Capreolus pygargus Pall.) in the Ilmen Reserve] // Trudy Ilmensogo gosudarstvennogo zapovednika Im. V. I. Lenina [Proceedings of the Lenin Ilmen State Reserve]. 1949. Vol. IV. Pp. 9-61. (In Russian)

2.             Gordiyuk N. M. Osobennosti vzaimootnosheniy kopytnyh i krupnyh hischnikov Urala [Relation Features of Hoofed Animals and Large Predators of the Urals]: Absract of the Diss. Cand. Sci. (Biol.). M., 1996. 48 p. (In Russian)

3.             Danilkin A. A. Oleni (Cervidae). Mlekopitayuschie Rossii i sopredelnyh regionov [Deer (Cervidae). Mammals of Russia and Neighboring Regions]. M.: GEOS, 1999. 552 p. (In Russian)

4.             Dinesman L. G. Vliyanie dikih mlekopitayuschih na formirovanie drevostoev [Effect of Wild Mammals on the Formation of Forest Stands]. M.: Izdat-vo AN SSSR [Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences], 1961. 164 p. (In Russian)

5.             Yelsky G. Kosulya Krasnoyarskogo Priangarya [Roe Deer in Krasnoyarsk Angara Region] // Ohota i ohotniche hozyaystvo [Fishing and Hunting]. 1983. No 3. Pp. 22-23. (In Russian)

6.             Zyryanov A. N. Dikie kopytnye zhivotnye zapovednika “Stolby” i prilezhaschih rayonov [Wild Hoofed Animals of Stolby Reserve and the Surrounding Areas] // Trudy gosudarstvennogo zapovednika “Stolby” [Proceedings of Stolby State Reserve]. Krasnoyarsk. 1975. Vol. 10. Pp. 224-338. (In Russian)

7.             Ivanov P. D. Pyatnistyy olen [Sika Deer] // Ohotnichi zveri i ih promysel [Hunting Animals and Hunting]. M., 1970. Pp. 150-152. (In Russian)

8.             Kaletsky A. A. Korma losey v zimniy period i obschegodovoy obem potrebleniya kormov [Winter Forage of Moose and Total Annual Food Consumption] // Biologiya i promysel losya [Biology and Moose Hunting]. M.: Rosselkhozizdat. 1967. Vol. 3. Pp. 221-237.  (In Russian)

9.             Kaletsky A. A. Krupnye hischniki i kopytnye zveri [Large Predators and Hoofed Animals). M.: Lesnaya promyshlennost [Forest Industry], 1978. Pp. 87-129. (In Russian)

10.         Nitskus G. B. Predpochitaemye porody derevev i kustarnikov v zimnem pitanii kosuli [Preferred Trees and Shrubs in Winter Feeding of Roe Deer] // Kopytnye fauny SSSR: Ekologiya, morfologiya, ispolzovanie i ohrana. Tezisy dokladov [Hoofed Animals of the USSR: Ecology, Morphology, Use and Protection. Abstracts]. M., 1980. Pp. 187. (In Russian)

11.         Novikov G. A. Elovye lesa kak sreda obitaniya i rol ih v zhizni mlekopitayuschih i ptic [Spruce Forests as a Habitat and Their Role in the Life of Mammals and Birds] // Rol zhivotnyh v zhizni lesa [The Role of Animals in Forest Life]. M.: Izdat-vo MGU [MSU Publishing House], 1956. Pp. 6-165. (In Russian)

12.         Padayga V. I. Kormovaya emkost zimnih kustarnikovyh pastbisch dlya kosuli [Feed Capacitance of Winter Pasture of Roe Deer] // Ohotustroystvo v specializirovannom lesnom hozyaystve. Tezisy dokladov k nauchno-proizvodstvennomu soveschaniyu (LITNIILH) [Game Engineering in Specialized Forestry. Abstracts to the Scientific Production Meeting (LITNIILH)]. Kaunas Girionis, 1983. Pp. 30-31. (In Russian)

13.         Provorov N. V. Kosulya [Roe Deer] // Ohotnichi zveri i pticy i ih promysel [Hunting Animals and Birds]. M., 1970. Pp. 152-156. (In Russian)

14.         Sobansky G. G. Kopytnye gornogo Altaya [Hoofed Animals of Altai Mountains]. Novosibirsk: Nauka [Science], 1992. 256 p. (In Russian)

15.         Timofeyeva E. K. Pitanie i lesohozyaystvennoe znachenie losya na severo-vostoke Leningradskoy oblasti [Nutrition and Forestry Importance of Moose in the North-East of Leningrad Region] // Biologiya i promysel losya [Biology and Moose Hunting]. M.: Rosselkhozizdat, 1965. Vol. 2. Pp. 136-158. (In Russian)

16.         Timofeyeva E. K. Los. Ekologiya, rasprostranenie, hozyaystvennoe znachenie [Moose. Ecology, Distribution, Economic Value]. Leningrad: Izdat-vo LGU [Leningrad University Publishing House], 1974. 168 p. (In Russian)

17.         Filonov K. P. Osobennosti naseleniya sibirskoy kosuli na Yuzhnom Urale [Features of Siberian Roe Deer Population in the Southern Urals] // Ohotovedenie: sb. nauch. trudov [Hunting Study. Proceedings]. M.: Lesnaya promyshlennost [Forest Industry], 1974. Pp. 26-40. (In Russian)

18.         Filonov K. P. Los [Moose]. M.: Lesnaya promyshlennost [Forest Industry], 1983. 246 p. (In Russian)

19.         Shevnina M. S. Kosulya [Roe Deer] // Emkost sredy obitaniya ohotnichih zverey i ptic [Capacity of the Habitat of Hunting Animals and Birds]. Kirov, 2013. Pp. 210-219.
(In Russian)

20.         Yazan Yu. P. Ohotnichi zveri pechorskoy taygi (biologiya populyaciy, mehanizmy regulirovaniya chislennosti) [Hunting Animals of Pechora Taiga (Biology of Populations, Regulatory Mechanisms of Number)]. Kirov, 1972. 383 p. (In Russian)