The main ways of humic substancedestruction and transformation by livingorganism

About the authors:

Marina I. Dinu, Cand. Chem. Sci, research assistant, Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, named after V.I. Vernadskiy, Russian Academy of Sciences Vitaliy Y. Khoroshavin, Cand. Geog. Sci., Head of Department of Physical Geography and Ecology, Institute of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Tyumen State University
Tatyana N. Gubernatorova, Cand. Techn. Sci., Senior Researcher, Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract:

Humic substances are one of the main accumulators for carbonin the biosphere. They control the global biogeochemical cycle of organic carbon. They also play a crucial role in reduction-oxidation, sorption, complexation, transfer of contaminants and microelements, plant growth. Humic substances are found in the soil and take part in its formation. Humic compounds are important for many natural processes. Saprotrophic fungi actively contribute to humic compounds degradation.The most important representatives are basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. Basidial fungi take part in the process of persistent organics destruction and mineralization, while ascomycetes basically modify and polarize humic substances. The degradation mechanism is connected with a wide spectrum of nonspecific oxidative enzymes, especiallythe lignolytic exoenzymes-destructors: lignin-peroxidase, manganese-peroxidase, laccase. The article observes the important and scarcely studied issues of humic substance biodegradation by fungi enzymes.

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